Most commonly used protocols in networking

In this blog we would learn about some of the most commonly used protocols in networking field.

• IP

1.  IPv4
2.  IPv6

• DHCP
• DNS
• SMTP
• HTTP
• HTTPS
• FTP

IP(Internet Protocol): IP is one of the most common protocol used in networking,for a device to communicate with other device IP is needed.

Internet Protocol is further divided in two types IPv4 and IPv6

 

IPv4: IPv4 is of 32 bits and basically of 4 octets.Each octet means 8 bits,so each octet  can vary from 0-255.total number of IPv4 address we have is 2^32 which is 429,49,67,296.

IPv4 is further divided in 5 types Class A,B.C,D,E.

IPv6: IPv6 is introduced because we are running out of IPv4,we tried saving IPv4 using NAT technique but still internet users are increasing exponential every year. 

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Host protocol

Imagine you are a network administrator and you have 100's of computer/systems at your office and you have to statically allocate the IP address to all the systems it would be more time consuming .so for this there's a solution which is DHCP. DHCP Dynamically allocates the IP address to all the users who connect to the network.

DHCP follows DORA procedure for allocating the IP address which is Discover,Offer,Request,Acknowledge 

Port number of DHCP is 67

DNS: Domain Name System/Server: DNS is a service offered by DNS server to resolve the IP address of a domain name.It is not possible to remember the the IP addresses of all the servers on the internet ,for which there's a solution called DNS.We humans can easily remember the domain names rather than  the IP address for each server.Port number of DNS is 53

Pic Source: Internet society 

SMTP: SIMPLE MAIL TRANSFER PROTOCOL: SMTP is a communication protocol for electronic mail transmission.Port number for SMTP is 25

Pic Source: Google Images

HTTP: HyperText Transfer protocol

It's used for communication between client and server.Port number for HTTP is 80

HTTPS: HyperText Transfer protocol Secured

It's an extension of HTTP,It is used for secure communication over computer networks.

Pic Source:Google Images

FTP:FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL

The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. Port number for FTP is 21.

Thanks for reading,see you in next article!